From 1994 to 2001, the department was headed by Ph.D, Ass.Professor Yuri D. Yankelevich.
In 2001-2002, the head of the department was assistant Konstantin G. Detinkin, then Ph.D, Ass.Professor Valentina I. Kurman.
From March 2002 to September 2016, the department was headed by Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Valentina Y. Latysheva.

She graduated from the Minsk State Medical Institute. After completing her clinical residency in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at the Minsk State Medical Institute, she worked as a neuropathologist in Saratov and then as a research fellow at clinical hospitals in Minsk and at the Belarusian Research Institute of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Physiotherapy, later becoming the head of the department. For 19 years, she headed the republic's neurology service on a voluntary basis, serving as the chief neurologist of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.
In 1994, she was transferred to the position of leading research fellow at the Gomel branch of the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine, and in 1995, she was accepted as a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine, then competitively elected as a professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at the Gomel State Medical Institute. Since 1998, she has been a professor in the Department of Medical Rehabilitation.
From March 2002 to 2016, she headed the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery. Currently, he is a professor in the department and head of the medical rehabilitation program.
In 1972, he defended his PhD dissertation, and in 1986, his doctoral dissertation on "Pathogenesis and Therapy of Neurological Manifestations of Lumbar Osteochondrosis (Clinical and Immunological Studies)."
In 1999, she was awarded the academic title of professor in Clinical Medicine.
She is the author of over 350 publications, six monographs, a textbook on neurology and neurosurgery, and a teaching aid on medical rehabilitation and physiotherapy.
She has received five patents for inventions and over 20 certificates for rationalization proposals. She co-authored a patent for an invention in the Republic of Belarus.
Under her supervision, nine candidate dissertations were defended.
She is a physician of the highest qualification category in neurology and medical rehabilitation.
Awards: "Excellent Healthcare Worker of the Republic of Belarus" badge, Honored Inventor of the USSR, laureate of the State Prize of the Republic of Belarus in Science and Technology, and the Certificate of Honor and Medal "For Labor Merit" of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus (2016).
Since September 1, 2016, Natalya N. Usova, Ph.D, Ass.Professor, has been appointed Head of the Department.
From September 1, 2025, the department was renamed the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery with courses in medical rehabilitation, FPKiP.
Over the years, the department's clinical sites included:

Currently, the IOV hospital has acquired the status of the Gomel University Clinic, which gives a new direction to the department’s work.
